[321] As late as July 2013 slightly elevated levels of radioactivity were found in beef on sale at Tokyo markets. The plant's 14-metre-high (46 ft) seawall successfully withstood the tsunami. [197][198], The tsunami broke icebergs off the Sulzberger Ice Shelf in Antarctica, 13,000 km (8,100 mi) away. [212] As of March 2012, Japanese police data showed that 70% of the 3,279 still missing were aged 60 or over, all found, including 893 in their 70s and 577 in their 80s. You will receive a verification email shortly. [385], Atsushi Funahashi, director of Nuclear Nation notes that "when the overseas media was calling Fukushima a 'meltdown,' the Japanese government and media waited two months before admitting it. Victims aged 60 or older accounted for 65.2% of the deaths, with 24% of total victims being in their 70s. [38] These data are expected to be used in a variety of ways, providing unprecedented information about how buildings respond to shaking, and other effects. The effects of the great earthquake were felt around the world, from Norway's fjords to Antarctica's ice sheet. Some of the first research to come from the archive was a 2014 paper from the Digital Methods Initiative in Amsterdam about patterns of Twitter usage around the time of the disaster. A spill of a couple of litres of radioactive water occurred at Onagawa. On 11 March 2011, a massive 9.0 earthquake occurred off the Japanese coastline at 14:46. The devastation of the disaster was mainly due to the tsunami rather than the earthquake; more than 90% of the approximately 15,000 fatalities occurred due to drowning. [339][340], Various train services around Japan were also canceled, with JR East suspending all services for the rest of the day. The waves overtopped and destroyed protective tsunami seawalls at several locations. [103], A month later, a major aftershock struck offshore on 7 April with a magnitude of 7.1 Mw. "[53] Around 4.4 million households in northeastern Japan were left without electricity and 1.5 million without water.[54]. [55] By summer the Vice-minister for Economy, Trade and Industry, the head of the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency, and the head of the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy had all lost their jobs. The volcano had previously erupted in January 2011; it is not known if the later eruption was linked to the earthquake. The main iceberg measured 9.5 km × 6.5 km (5.9 mi × 4.0 mi) (approximately the area of Manhattan Island) and about 80 m (260 ft) thick. [338], A tsunami flooded Sendai Airport at 15:55 JST,[134] about 1 hour after the initial quake, causing severe damage. Another cause of delayed evacuations was the release of the second update on the tsunami warning long after the earthquake (28 minutes, according to observations); by that time, power failures and similar circumstances reportedly prevented the update from reaching some residents. [374], The aftermath of the earthquake and tsunami included both a humanitarian crisis and a major economic impact. The 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami has been assigned GLIDE identifier EQ-2011-000028-JPN by the Asian Disaster Reduction Center. The event began with a powerful earthquake off the coast of Honshu, Japan’s main island, which initiated a series of large … [260][261][262] Reportedly, some locals had attempted to repair leaks in the dam before it completely failed. Hawaii, Philippines, Colombia, Bolivia, Australia, New Zealand, may be affected. NHK BS News reported 2011-04-03-02:55 JST, One estimate of 10–15 minutes came from German seismologist Rainer Kind of the, Another estimate of 15–30 minutes came from Vasily V. Titov, director of the. The tsunami flooded an estimated area of approximately 217 square miles (561 square kilometers) in Japan. Some of the most widely reported reason for these deaths include "Physical and mental fatigue caused by life in temporary shelter", "Physical and mental fatigue caused by evacuation", "Delayed treatment due to an inoperative hospital", "Physical and mental fatigue caused by stress from the earthquake and tsunami". This map shows the travel times of the tsunami generated by the Honshu earthquake on March 11, 2011. The expressway did not reopen to general public use until 24 March 2011. Of those who attempted to evacuate after hearing the warning, only five percent were caught in the tsunami. [59][60] According to a 2020 study, "the earthquake and its aftermaths resulted in a 0.47 percentage point decline in Japan’s real GDP growth in the year following the disaster. [36], The earthquake moved Honshu (the main island of Japan) 2.4 m (8 ft) east, shifted the Earth on its axis by estimates of between 10 cm (4 in) and 25 cm (10 in),[38][39][40] increased earth's rotational speed by 1.8 µs per day,[41] and generated infrasound waves detected in perturbations of the low-orbiting Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer satellite. At 07:30 UTC, PTWC issued a widespread tsunami warning covering the entire Pacific Ocean. The official total for the number of people confirmed dead or listed as missing from the 2011 disaster was about 18,500. Residents of Tokyo received a minute of warning before the strong shaking hit the city, thanks to Japan's earthquake early warning system. The committee advised that future policy should be to protect against the highest possible tsunami. [101], The first sign international researchers had that the earthquake caused such a dramatic change in the Earth's rotation came from the United States Geological Survey which monitors Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) stations across the world. Japan's National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED) calculated a peak ground acceleration of 2.99 g (29.33 m/s2). [113], The number of aftershocks was associated with decreased health across Japan. "What Have Religious Groups Done After 3.11? [114], One minute before the earthquake was felt in Tokyo, the Earthquake Early Warning system, which includes more than 1,000 seismometers in Japan, sent out warnings of impending strong shaking to millions. [288] Others halted production due to safety checks and power loss. Because of the unquestioning nature of most Japanese media to hold to the "party line", many Japanese mid-level officials and experts spoke to foreign media to get their opinions and observations publicized. [5], The main earthquake was preceded by a number of large foreshocks, with hundreds of aftershocks reported. One man was killed in Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia after being swept out to sea. [231][232], Japanese funerals are normally elaborate Buddhist ceremonies that entail cremation. Even Afghanistan with a very low GDP donated $50000 to the disaster. There may be a need to replace the contaminated soil. Services on Yamagata Shinkansen resumed with limited numbers of trains on 31 March. A magnitude 7.4 Mw at 15:08 (JST), 7.9 Mw at 15:15 and a 7.7 Mw quake at 15:26 all occurred on 11 March. The plant's three reactors automatically shut down without damage and all safety systems functioned as designed. It was centered on the seafloor 45 miles (72 kilometers) east of Tohoku, at a depth of 15 miles (24 km) below the surface. [173][174], In response to the aforementioned shortcomings in the tsunami warning system, JMA began an investigation in 2011 and updated their system in 2013. [211], Of the 13,135 fatalities recovered by 11 April 2011, 12,143 or 92.5% died by drowning. [123][124][125] Chile's Pacific coast, one of the furthest from Japan at about 17,000 kilometres (11,000 mi) away, was struck by waves 2 metres (6.6 ft) high,[126][127][128] compared with an estimated wave height of 38.9 metres (128 ft) at Omoe peninsula, Miyako city, Japan. [Infographic: How Japan's 2011 Earthquake Happened]. 4. [264], In the immediate aftermath of the calamity, at least 1.5 million households were reported to have lost access to water supplies. The surge of water carried an estimated 5 million tons of debris out to sea, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency has reported. 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