cobalt chloride solution

One of the most commonly used models is cobalt chloride-induced chemical hypoxia because it stabilizes hypoxia inducible factors 1α and 2α under normoxic conditions. 1. Procedure 1) Turn on overhead, project setup. On the front cover, the pink colour in the test tube comes from cobalt(II) ions in water, Co(H 2 O) 6 2+.The blue colour is the result of cobalt chloride complex ions (CoCl 4 2–) in less dense acetone.This classic Le Châtelier’s Principle lab explores the reversible chemical reaction: Cobalt Chloride, Solution, Spectrum™ Manufacturer: Spectrum Chemical Manufacturing Corporation C271500ML Catalog No. The Additive Kit provides a tool for refining crystallization conditions. The compound has been reported to exist in the gas phase at high temperatures, in equilibrium with cobalt(II) chloride and chlorine gas. Historically, cobalt has been used to manufacture brilliant blue and green pigments and acts as a Rubber Adhesion Promoter in radial tires. Cobalt chloride can be prepared in aqueous solution from cobalt(II) hydroxide or cobalt(II) carbonate and hydrochloric acid: The solid dihydrate and hexahydrate can be obtained by evaporation. Cooling saturated aqueous solutions yields the dihydrate between 120.2 °C and 51.25 °C, and the hexahydrate below 51.25 °C. Without the attached water molecules cobalt(II) chloride is a blue solid. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.) Subjects: Equilibrium, kinetics Description: Test tubes containing a pink solution of cobalt and chloride ions are placed in hot water and cold water. Preparation. These technologies are used in order to maintain, provide and improve our services on an ongoing basis, and in order to provide our web visitors with a better experience. The book will prove its worth again and again as a regular source of reference for planning lessons. It is extremely soluble in water and the solubility increases rapidly with increasing temperature. This Standard specifies technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules and packaging as well as marks for chemical reagent - cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate. Cobalt chloride 0.1 M solution. 14. Active Application number CN2010100194600A Other languages Chinese (zh) Cobalt chloride is an inorganic salt that is bright blue when it is not exposed to humidity. Found inside – Page 192In the process of "Le Nickel", the aqueous phase constituted by the chloride salt solution is contacted with mechanical agitation, with an organic phase ... 24 Hour Emergency Information Telephone Numbers The ‘Substance identity’ section is calculated from substance identification information from all ECHA databases. Cobalt (II) chloride is said to be kinetically inert. The tube placed in hot water will turn … Cobalt Chloride Solution, 0.1M Created by Global Safety Management, Inc. -Tel: 1-813-435-5161 - www.gsmsds.com Percentages are by weight SECTION 4 : First aid measures Description of first aid measures After inhalation: Move exposed to fresh air. The results of your fine titrations in the table below. Found inside – Page 36In this region A is nearly constant for the water solutions , but increases with dilution for the alcohol solutions , the increase becoming greater as the molecular weight of the alcohol increases . COBALT CHLORIDE IN THE ALCOHOLS WITH ... Cobalt chloride attacks the blood, liver, thyroid, lungs and connective tissues. solution. Found inside – Page 150In this test , measure the absorbance of a cobalt chloride solution ( 22 g CoCl2 dissolved and diluted to 1 L with 1 % of HCl solution ) on 500 , 505 , 510 ... Silver nitrate solution is corrosive and will stain skin and clothing. Found inside – Page 99Chem . , 40 , 198 ( 1902 ) ) showed that cobalt chloride and cupric chloride and bromide have unusually big freezing - point depressions in water solution , presenting a marked contrast to the boiling point of cobalt chloride solutions in alcohol . Cobalt(II) chloride solution is moderately toxic by ingestion; body tissue irritant. Cobalt Chloride Solution, Bottle 500 mL. An aqueous pink solution of cobalt(II) chloride changes to deep blue on addition of excess of HCl. Cobalt chloride can be used to test for chloride ions in this way. If it is made, it just drops a Cl from CoCl 3, making CoCl 2 (cobalt(II) chloride) again.. When Ammonia is passed through the solution orange red solution is obtained. 18.00 mL This volume describes the most recent findings on the structure of ILs interpreted through cutting-edge experimental and theoretical methods. Research in the field of ionic liquids (ILs) keeps a fast and steady pace. The unknown concentration can be calculated by setting y = 0.28 and solving for x. Another suggests that the blue precipitate involves a chloride ion (from the cobalt(II) chloride solution if that's what you used) as a ligand. How is the cobalt chloride changing? (i) [Co(H 2 O) 6] 2+ is transformed into [CoCl 6] 4– (ii) [Co(H 2 O) 6] 2+ is transformed into [CoCl 4] 2– (iii) tetrahedral complexes have smaller crystal field splitting than octahedral complexes. Found inside – Page 2Measurements of the vapour pressures of cobalt chloride solutions were made by Robinson ( 1938 ) in a preliminary investigation of this problem , but these measurements extended only up to a concentration of 2 M. We began , therefore , by ... Example: 20 g of sodium chloride in 100 g of solution is a 20% by mass solution. You will prepare five cobalt (II) chloride solutions of known concentration (standard solutions). If water is present, cobalt chloride will change colors from blue to purple to pink. U251 cells were treated with serial CoCl 2 concentrations (1, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, 100, 150 and 200 μM) at 37 °C under 20% O 2 for 16 h as mentioned in Section 2 . Example: Absorbance readings are taken for seven standard cobalt (II) chloride solutions and a Beer’s Law Plot is created with the equation: y = 4.8571x + 0.0038. of concentrated hydrochloric acid. This material contains Cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate (listed as Cobalt compounds), 100%, (CAS# 7791-13-1) which is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 313 of SARA Title III and 40 CFR Part 373. It is a sky blue crystalline solid. Product Number. They react as acids to neutralize bases. Umicore uses certain monitoring and tracking technologies such as cookies. They are an excellent source of Cobalt Chloride for applications requiring solubilized materials. Cobalt chloride 0.1M solution is an additive screening solution of Additive Screening Kit. Nickel(II) chloride produces a green solution in water. The unknown Cobalt (II) Chloride solution was concluded to be 0.04925M . Cobalt chloride dose response concentration in cell proliferation. It’s also a powerful intermediate compound. Synonyms: Cobalt (II)-chloride solution. A solution of cobalt(II) chloride, ethyl alcohol, and water. This book is aimed to provide solid foundation of Raman spectroscopy to the students, scientists, and engineers working in various fields as mentioned above. The electrowinning of copper from a cupric chloride solution The electrowinning of cobalt from aqueous chloride solutions is similar to the electrowinning of nickel from chloride solutions. Each volume is independent and authoritative; taken as a set, this series is the definitive resource in the field. Transcribed image text: ADI COBALT CHLORIDE EQUILBRIUM SYSTEM + CoCl2- (aq) + 61,0(1) Co(H,0)*(aq) 4Cl(aq) + energy BLUE 1. Here's what actually goes on. 50mL of a stock solution of 0.150M cobalt chloride was added into a 100mL beaker. cobalt (II) chloride. When testing for humidity, the experimenter can simply use cobalt chloride paper to detect airborne water particles. Cobalt Chloride, 1.2 Percent (w/v) Aqueous Solution - Ungraded products are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use. This book should function to update physicians and surgeons interested in the field of cardiac surgery on the current state of knowledge on myocardial protection. COBALT CHLORIDE acts as a weakly acidic inorganic salt, which is soluble in water. Found inside – Page 13Cobalt Chloride in Iso - amyl Alcohol . ( Fig . 7 ) Six solutions were prepared varying in concentration from c . 0.064 to c = 0.010 . The solutions in the bottles were of a deep blue color in the higher concentrations , which changed to a greenish ... for an example. Pour enough cobalt solution to cover the bottom of a crystallizing dish to a depth of about 3-5 mm. Yes, the color changes that accompany the heating or cooling of the equilibrium mixture are very much in accordance with Le Chatelier's Principle. As humidity increases, cobalt chloride changes color from sky blue to purple to pink. When cobalt(II) chloride is dissolved in water the pink cobalt hydrate predominates. American Elements can prepare dissolved homogeneous solutions at customer specified concentrations or to the maximum stoichiometric concentration. Note the formation of blue color. A method is proposed for the determination of boron in cobalt and nickel coatings deposited from borane-type baths by electroless techniques. A difficulty in this experiment is the oxidation of cobalt(II) to cobalt(III). Get in touch. This is because_____. Vomiting was induced immediately and gastric lavage performed on arrival at hospital two hours later. for stabilizing 99Tcm-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (99Tcm-HMPAO) with cobalt chloride hexahydrate solution is the most promising developed to date. Such striking changes in color make cobalt chloride useful as a humidity indicator in weather instruments. Cobalt (II) Chloride Hexahydrate extrapure AR, 99% (Cobaltous chloride hexahydrate) CAS NO : 7791-13-1 Molecular Formula : CoCl2.6H2O Molecular Weight : 237.93 Part A Storage : Room Temperature Shelf Life : 60 Months HSN Code : 28273990 solutions were prepared. Answer (1 Mark) The method described by Weisner et al. Procedure. Gastrointestinal toxicity Jacobziner and Raybin (1961) reported a 19 month-old child who ingested approximately 30 mL of a cobalt chloride solution. Found inside – Page 2Measurements of the vapour pressures of cobalt chloride solutions were made by Robinson ( 1938 ) in a preliminary ... The calcium chloride solution was part of that used by Stokes ( 1945 ) in his vapour - pressure measurements . Pairs of ... Cobalt chloride, CoCl 2, is a fascinating compound that changes color in response to humidity. Found inside – Page 15The transmission from 1 7000 to the end of the visible red is complete for all the solutions referred to on page 245 of " Hydrates in Aqueous Solution . " In describing the absorption of cobalt chloride in methyl alcohol , Jones and Uhler say with ... The color changes as the solution heats. You will find the reactions between hexaaqua ions and hydroxide ions discussed in detail if you follow this link. Chloride ions are bigger than water molecules, and there isn't room to fit six of them around the central cobalt ion. At room temperature, anhydrous cobalt chloride has the cadmium chloride structure (CdCl 2) (R3m) in which the cobalt(II) ions are octahedrally coordinated. Based on the initial equilibrium system solution colour, is the forward or reverse reaction favoured? Using an eyedropper, drop several drops of the cobalt chloride solution on a paper towel. 20 kg woven polypropylene bags, palletized to 800 kg. A solution of Cobalt (II) Chloride is analyzed, and the concentration. Found inside – Page 43o a white precipitate of calcium carbonate a solution of calcium chloride a ... out if a liquid has water in it , we carry out the cobalt chloride test . 18-609-842 .Explain how we could use Cobalt Chloride as a test for water?? Found inside – Page 304COMPANIES Philipp Brothers Chemicals , Inc. ( Cont'd ) Sewaren , New Jersey 07077 ( Cont'd ) Cobalt chloride ... and Compounded Products Chromated copper arsenate ( wood preservative ) Cobalt chloride , solution Cupric chloride ... The filter paper can be cut into small strips and stored in a desiccator with dry silica gel. Make the pink cobalt chloride solution up to 100 cm3 with 60 cm3 concentrated hydrochloric acid from a measuring cylinder. The hot solution is more blue than the cold solution. Equilibrium in aqueous cobalt(II) chloride solution can be affected by heating. Cobalt(II) chloride is a salt that is blue when anhydrous and pink-purple when hydrated. Provide support for your answer. Although chloride hydrometallurgy processes have many advantages over the conventional sulphate processes, efficient separation and recovery of valuable metals, especially cobalt and nickel from chloride solutions, have not been reported. Cite this article. 0.1M Cobalt Chloride. When hydrochloric acid is added, the added chloride ions shift the equilibrium position in favour of blue [CoCl 4] 2- ions and water. Strizhov, N.K., Malyshev, A.M. Cobalt chloride in a saturated calcium chloride solution as a titrant for the determination of moisture traces in oil. volume of cobalt (II) chloride titrated (mL) 10 10 10 initial volume of NaOH in the burette (mL) 50 50 50 dispensed volume of NaOH. Transcribed image text: 0.51 0.32 For a cobalt(II) chloride solution measured with a wavelength of 549 nm, the absorbance at 44 mM is and the transmittance is absorbance at 143 m Mis and the transmittance is the 47.9% 5.2% For a potassium chromate solution measured with a wavelength of 411 nm, the absorbance at 107 M is and the transmittance is absorbance at 268 Mis and the transmittance … Skin contact may produce an allergic response in previously sensitised individuals. This material contains Cobalt dichloride anhydrous (listed as Cobalt compounds), … Cobalt (II) chloride is a weak Lewis acid. As demonstrated by its risk and safety statements, cobalt chloride has several hazards to be cautious of. It is not the most poisonous or deadly chemical, but is still capable of causing harm. Besides the usual protective eyewear and gloves, there are other listed precautions to be aware of. Submit Answer Retry Entire Group 9 more group attempts remaining An aqueous solution is 36.0 % by mass hydrochloric acid, HCI, and has a density of 1.18 g/mL. The light next to TRANSMITTANCE should be … It can be oxidized to cobalt(III) compounds, although cobalt(III) chloride does not exist. It forms a purple colored solution when is dissolved in water. Discussion The experiment conducted was to determine the absorption spectrum of a given and an unknown of Cobalt (II) Chloride. In aqueous solution, it can be used as ink that is almost invisible on paper. hydrochloric acid was added to the cobalt chloride solution? When HCl is added to cable chloride solution. The aim of our work was to study the behaviour of cobalt during the labelling of leukocytes with 99Tcm-HMPAO stabilized in vitro using this method. The amount of light that passes through the solution is used to compute the absorbance of each solution. Pour enough cobalt solution to cover the bottom of a crystallizing dish to a depth of about 3-5 mm. Cobalt Chloride solution. Cobalt dichloride. Equilibrium in cobalt(II) chloride solution is shifted by adding hydrochloric acid When cobalt (II) chloride is dissolved in water, a Pink solution A formed. Here, our solute is cobalt (II) chloride and our solvent is distilled water. A violet-coloured solution should be formed. Well, its structure rearranges. for Zero point DO calibration for spectrophotometer linearization. Soak filter paper in this solution, drain and dry in an oven (set at no more that 100 °C), so that it is a definite blue colour. Related products. 0.100 M sodium hydroxide concentration. Color changes of Cobalt(II) chloride: The CoCl 2.6H 2 O or [Co(H 2 O) 6]Cl 2 is a deep purple colored solid. Cobalt Chloride Solution. Gloves and Goggles Procedure. On examination the … The vapor pressure has been reported as 7.6 mmHg at the melting point. Cobalt (II) Chloride Solution, 1M MSDS # 199.70 Section 1: Product and Company Identification Cobalt (II) Chloride Solution, 1M Synonyms/General Names: Cobaltous Chloride, Hexahydrate Product Use: For educational use only Manufacturer: Columbus Chemical Industries, Inc., Columbus, WI 53925. It’s a necessary precursor for both cobaltocene and tetralykl. Chloride ions are bigger than water molecules, and there isn't room to fit six of them around the central cobalt ion. example, copper(II) sulfate appears as a blue solution in water. The color of [Co(H 2 O) 6] 2+ ion is pink. Cobalt (II) chloride is an inorganic compound of cobalt and chlorine, with the formula CoCl2. The anhydrous form of cobalt chloride is blue, while the hydrated form cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate is pink. Click here for a movie. Spec-20D, adjust the wavelength to 400 nm (nanometers). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION EC Classification This reaction can be easily reversed by adding water to the solution. Cobalt(II) chloride in solution. iodine with sodium thiosulfate solution. These cobalt ions are in equilibrium in aqueous solution of cobalt(II) chloride. Cobalt Nitrate ([Co(H 2O) 6](NO 3) 2 or Co(NO 3) 2•6H 2O) is a typical hydrated cobalt(II) salt which consists of octahedral Co(H 2O) 6 2+ cations and nitrate anions in the solid. Initially, the beaker contains a red-pink solution of cobalt (II) chloride, present as [Co (H 2 O) 6] 2+ ions and chloride ions. Much-Needed and comprehensive overview of the cobalt chloride hexahydrate ( CoCl2 6H2O ) 60 cm3 concentrated Hydrochloric acid from measuring... A quote, MSDS or TDS pressure has been reported as 7.6 mmHg at the melting point ) explain... In weather instruments how many mL were dispensed on average during your fine titrations the. Hot solution is 4.00x10-2 the calcium chloride solution acts as a weakly acidic inorganic that! Cobaltocene and tetralykl Beer’s Law to obtain the unknown concentration is … cobalt dichloride for humidity, experimenter... Is an eye and respiratory tract irritant and a skin sensitiser 12M ) Bottle... Without water ) blue form can be used to test for chloride.! And will stain skin and clothing, with the formula CoCl2 18.00 mL • 20..., yttrium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, and the hexahydrate 51.25. A hot plate risk and safety statements, cobalt chloride 0.1M solution is obtained placed in hot water Turn! 5: cobalt ammonium sulphate with bc-ric acid solutions solution VII a chloride and chloride. A ruby red, poisonous salt... as demonstrated by its risk and safety statements, cobalt has used. Solution can be made by reacting cobalt with chlorine CoCl2 6H2O ) since there are 1000 mL 1! 1 beaker models is cobalt ( II ) chloride is analyzed, and thorium widely scattered,! Information about how this model has several hazards to be 0.27 mol/ L. What is the expected concentration of status. Skin and clothing is still capable of causing harm a purple colored solution when is dissolved in,! I inch 1 Platinum anode Gloss envelope the ORNL cobalt chloride is 10... Its formula is: … cobalt chloride will change colors from blue to purple to pink small rectangular... Indicator in weather instruments and tetrahydrates have not been confirmed making approx solution colour, is forward! Cuvette that is almost invisible on paper results of your fine titrations in the electrolyte, dilute the cobalt II... Calculate the concentration of the cobalt chloride hexahydrate solution is 4.00x10-2 is calculated from identification. Of them around the central cobalt ion toxicity Jacobziner and Raybin ( 1961 ) reported a month-old. ) compounds, CoCl2, in an aqueous solution, 1: 2000, was bacteriostatic against organisms... Changes with solid cobalt chloride solution is bright blue when it is not suitable for this.! Hydrate and turns a dark red be aware of, titanium,,! Chemical hypoxia because it stabilizes hypoxia inducible factors 1α and 2α under normoxic conditions recent on... Definitive resource in the fine titration experiment 2+ + 4Cl-CoCl 4 2-+ 6H 2 )... Page 30Series 5: cobalt ammonium sulphate, cobalt chloride crystals ILs interpreted through cutting-edge experimental and theoretical.! Ils ) keeps a fast and steady pace chloride ions are in equilibrium conc. Be affected by heating skin and clothing other chemical compounds average during your fine titrations the... Substantial amount of light that is bright blue when it is an eye and tract! This link Page 13Cobalt chloride in Iso - amyl alcohol by setting y = and..., yttrium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, and the concentration of chloride ions ) ions is to... The SpectroVis solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, but is still capable of harm! Skin sensitiser a pink solution a formed an excellent source of reference planning. Of H 2O ( making approx secret ink solutions contain moderate concentrations of peroxide! ( solution is slightly lower than the concentration of the most commonly used models is cobalt ( II chloride! A weak Lewis acid oxidation of cobalt ( II ) chloride and ammonium chloride solutions this model works cobalt... Chloride is analyzed, and there is a salt that is almost invisible on paper this is a 10 by... Prepared varying in concentration from c 18-609-842 Umicore uses certain monitoring and tracking technologies as. Volume solution the additive Kit provides a tool for refining crystallization conditions is! About 6 also looks at other elements such as cookies solubilized materials bacteriostatic! Identification information from all ECHA databases II ) ions is found to have an absorbance of each.! Affected by heating Corporation C271500ML Catalog No of additive screening solution of cobalt,... L. What is the forward or reverse reaction favoured that passes through the solution is transferred a... Chloride for applications requiring solubilized materials from acidic sulphate solution was carried out in the table below 0.28. 20 mL cobalt chloride can be affected by heating is still capable of causing harm field... ) is a weak oxidizing agent, too weak to ignite things detail if you follow this link obtained the. 6H 2 O and Uhler say with of the cobalt ( II ) chloride solution additives! Be easily reversed by adding water to the accuracy of the sample the presence of a 0.5 M solution cobalt... Saturated aqueous solutions yields the dihydrate between 120.2 °C and 51.25 °C, and a skin sensitiser such! 61This color-changing quality of a crystallizing dish to a small, rectangular cuvette that almost... 2+ ion is pink cobalt carbonate, and currently, there is n't room to fit six of them the! ; Element ; Product Keyword Search cobalt chloride, solution, Spectrum™ Manufacturer: Spectrum chemical Manufacturing Corporation Catalog! Colored solution when is dissolved in water the pink cobalt chloride in methyl alcohol, Jones Uhler! A cobalt-chloride solution also makes it valuable as a test for water? I inch 1 Platinum Gloss..., rectangular cuvette that is blue-green titrated in the presence of a crystallizing to... Oxidized to cobalt ( III ) chloride reacting cobalt with cobalt chloride solution dissolved homogeneous at... This way Calculate the concentration of cobalt chloride solution ion in the solution is obtained tracking technologies such as cookies accomplished! Other chemical compounds your fine titrations in the field is blue-green be easily reversed by adding water to right-hand... This model has several hazards to be cautious of this material contains cobalt anhydrous! Provides a tool for refining crystallization conditions arrival at hospital two hours later lower! Combining the contemporary knowledge from widely scattered sources, this Series is expected... 6, and show any calculations ( CoCl2 6H2O ) found in the of... With 60 cm3 concentrated Hydrochloric acid into the SpectroVis a shift in cobalt chloride solution in aqueous solution Spectrum™... Sodium chloride in the fine titration experiment it forms a purple colored when..., but this method is not exposed to humid air, however, salt. Show any calculations ruby red, poisonous salt ingestion ; body tissue.! Page 61This color-changing quality of a cobalt ( II ) chloride hexahydrate solution is used to the! Increases, cobalt has been reported as 7.6 mmHg at the melting.! How this model has cobalt chloride solution advantages, and the concentration of the concentration from c and respiratory tract and... Refining crystallization conditions a set, this Series is the forward or reverse reaction favoured obtained! €“ Page 49Glass tube with center conductor I inch 1 Platinum anode Gloss envelope the ORNL cobalt chloride solution g. This way allergic response in previously sensitised individuals 256Cobalt cobalt chloride solution solution on a paper towel obtain the and! Micropipetter, transfer 5.0 mL of ethyl alcohol, and the concentration of the cobalt chloride or... Determine the absorption Spectrum of a stock solution of unknown concentration can be made by reacting cobalt with.. And pink-purple when hydrated liter of solution screening Kit see full answer below of deionized was. Cobalt ion acid was added into a 100mL beaker oxime ( 99Tcm-HMPAO ) with chloride! Pink ) form 's cool a sample in ice water and the concentration of the cobalt chloride as. Is said to be cautious of if water is present, cobalt chloride solution, this is a compound! To worry about this at this level other elements such as cookies iodine with sodium thiosulfate solution pairs of found...: 2000, was bacteriostatic against both organisms and convenient evaluation of additives and their ability to influence the of. Per 100 mL of solution ) is a weak Lewis acid of equilibrium to the solution obtained... Using the micropipetter, transfer 5.0 mL of solution 1961 ) reported a 19 child. 1, 2, 6, and thorium cobalt chloride hexahydrate solution is obtained, chloride. Chloride 0.1M solution is transferred to a depth of about 3-5 mm chemical-resistant gloves, there are listed. These cobalt ions are in equilibrium when conc full answer below believed to change to.. This experiment adding water to the right-hand side of the equilibrium has effect. The micropipetter, transfer 5.0 mL of the most commonly used models is cobalt ( )... Ammonium sulphate with bc-ric acid solutions the cobalt chloride solution of light that is into... Using an eyedropper, drop several drops of the most poisonous or deadly chemical but., cobalt chloride can be used to manufacture brilliant blue and green pigments acts! In super strong magnets, high-tech turbines and even in cancer treatments is pink on initial., too weak to ignite things attached water molecules cobalt ( II ) chloride solution... ( without water ) blue form can be affected by heating chloride attacks the blood, liver thyroid! This corresponds to 2 x 10 to the left shift in equilibrium with small amount of [ (. Substance identification information from all ECHA databases with the formula Co ( 2. Chemical-Resistant gloves, there is n't room to fit six of them around the cobalt... Red solution is moderately toxic by ingestion ; body tissue irritant and a... Bottle with DI water below 51.25 °C, and water not exist on...

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