largest producer of propylene

Free shipping on all DOWFROST. To enable Verizon Media and our partners to process your personal data select 'I agree', or select 'Manage settings' for more information and to manage your choices. Production processes generally depend on the market value of byproducts such as styrene (from the SM-PO process), however more environmentally friendly routes have been gaining speed in the past decade. We and our partners will store and/or access information on your device through the use of cookies and similar technologies, to display personalised ads and content, for ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. The top 10 producers account for almost 55% of the total production of pp globally. Bio-based propylene has been tested to reduce 70% to 80% of GHG emission when compared with petroleum-derived propylene glycol. For example propylene is used as raw material for propylene oxide, propylene glycol, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile and butyraldehyde. 1, 5, 55 gallon containers are in stock and ready to ship today. The production of propylene oxide consumed the second largest amount, followed by the segments acrylonitrile and cumene. Propylene glycol (PG) is the second largest PO derivative. Claim this business 10730 W 143rd Street, Orland Park, IL, 60462 . CHPO is the oldest method used for the production of propylene oxide and held the largest market share in the year 2019. Over the next five years, global consultancy CMAI says the Middle East will move from a net importer to the largest net exporter of propylene, with Western Europe becoming a net importer. INTRODUCTION, METHODOLOGY & REPORT SCOPEII. Dodecylphenol represents the largest end use. The propylene splitter is a distillation column, needed to split propane from propylene, as produced by the new PDH plant. Producers were targeting further increases in October in a bid to raise prices above the psychological barrier of €1,000/tonne. Through its 41% interest in Equistar Chemicals, LP, Lyondell also is one of the largest producers of ethylene, propylene and polyethylene in North America and a leading producer of polypropylene, ethylene oxide, ethylene glycol, high value-added specialty polymers and polymeric powder. Equistar is one of the world's largest producers of ethylene, propylene and polyethylene, and is a leading producer of ethylene oxide, ethylene glycol, polypropylene, specialty polymers, wire and cable resins, and polyolefin powders. Dow is by far the largest producer of PG worldwide and a world leader in the field of material science. The yield of propylene from a naphtha cracker is approximately half the yield of ethylene because ethylene has historically averaged a higher market price than propylene. Even though the Western European propylene market is projected to remain almost the same in the forecast period, it will likely remain the third-largest global producer and consumer of propylene. 18 Figure 12: Global Production of Propylene (emeamarketing, 2012) Polypropylene is the largest production from propylene, which takes up to 60% of overall production. It is widely recognized that naphtha steam crackers are the largest current source of propylene. China will remain among the fastest growing in this cluster of regional markets. Get contact details & address of companies manufacturing and supplying Propylene Oxide, 75-56-9 across India. Reportlinker finds and organizes the latest industry data so you get all the market research you need - instantly, in one place.__________________________. Claim this business 885 Woodstock Rd, Roswell, GA, 30075 . DUBLIN, April 3, 2018 /PRNewswire/ --. GLOBAL MARKET PERSPECTIVE Table 1: Propylene Global Market Estimates and Forecasts in Metric Tons by Region/Country: 2020-2027 Table 2: Propylene Global Retrospective Market Scenario in Metric Tons by Region/Country: 2012-2019 Table 3: Propylene Market Share Shift across Key Geographies Worldwide: 2012 VS 2020 VS 2027 Table 4: Polypropylene (Derivative) World Market by Region/Country in Metric Tons: 2020 to 2027 Table 5: Polypropylene (Derivative) Historic Market Analysis by Region/Country in Metric Tons: 2012 to 2019 Table 6: Polypropylene (Derivative) Market Share Breakdown of Worldwide Sales by Region/Country: 2012 VS 2020 VS 2027 Table 7: Cumene (Derivative) Potential Growth Markets Worldwide in Metric Tons: 2020 to 2027 Table 8: Cumene (Derivative) Historic Market Perspective by Region/Country in Metric Tons: 2012 to 2019 Table 9: Cumene (Derivative) Market Sales Breakdown by Region/Country in Percentage: 2012 VS 2020 VS 2027 Table 10: Acrylonitrile (Derivative) Geographic Market Spread Worldwide in Metric Tons: 2020 to 2027 Table 11: Acrylonitrile (Derivative) Region Wise Breakdown of Global Historic Demand in Metric Tons: 2012 to 2019 Table 12: Acrylonitrile (Derivative) Market Share Distribution in Percentage by Region/Country: 2012 VS 2020 VS 2027 Table 13: Alcohols (Derivative) World Market Estimates and Forecasts by Region/Country in Metric Tons: 2020 to 2027 Table 14: Alcohols (Derivative) Market Historic Review by Region/Country in Metric Tons: 2012 to 2019 Table 15: Alcohols (Derivative) Market Share Breakdown by Region/Country: 2012 VS 2020 VS 2027 Table 16: Other Derivatives (Derivative) World Market by Region/Country in Metric Tons: 2020 to 2027 Table 17: Other Derivatives (Derivative) Historic Market Analysis by Region/Country in Metric Tons: 2012 to 2019 Table 18: Other Derivatives (Derivative) Market Share Distribution in Percentage by Region/Country: 2012 VS 2020 VS 2027 Table 19: Automotive (End-Use) Sales Estimates and Forecasts in Metric Tons by Region/Country for the Years 2020 through 2027 Table 20: Automotive (End-Use) Analysis of Historic Sales in Metric Tons by Region/Country for the Years 2012 to 2019 Table 21: Automotive (End-Use) Global Market Share Distribution by Region/Country for 2012, 2020, and 2027 Table 22: Construction (End-Use) Global Opportunity Assessment in Metric Tons by Region/Country: 2020-2027 Table 23: Construction (End-Use) Historic Sales Analysis in Metric Tons by Region/Country: 2012-2019 Table 24: Construction (End-Use) Percentage Share Breakdown of Global Sales by Region/Country: 2012 VS 2020 VS 2027 Table 25: Textiles (End-Use) Worldwide Sales in Metric Tons by Region/Country: 2020-2027 Table 26: Textiles (End-Use) Historic Demand Patterns in Metric Tons by Region/Country: 2012-2019 Table 27: Textiles (End-Use) Market Share Shift across Key Geographies: 2012 VS 2020 VS 2027 Table 28: Packaging (End-Use) Global Market Estimates & Forecasts in Metric Tons by Region/Country: 2020-2027 Table 29: Packaging (End-Use) Retrospective Demand Analysis in Metric Tons by Region/Country: 2012-2019 Table 30: Packaging (End-Use) Market Share Breakdown by Region/Country: 2012 VS 2020 VS 2027 Table 31: Other End-Uses (End-Use) Demand Potential Worldwide in Metric Tons by Region/Country: 2020-2027 Table 32: Other End-Uses (End-Use) Historic Sales Analysis in Metric Tons by Region/Country: 2012-2019 Table 33: Other End-Uses (End-Use) Share Breakdown Review by Region/Country: 2012 VS 2020 VS 2027 III. Customers around the world take advantage of our more than 70 years of global experience and expertise in the development, manufacturing, supply and marketing of EG. Sign up today for your free Reader Account! Propylene Oxide Market is projected to grow from USD 13.43 Billion in 2017 to USD 17.53 Billion by 2022, at a … More largest producers of propylene oxide , propylene oxide demand , propylene oxide global market , propylene oxide market size , propylene oxide price , propylene oxide production We have compiled a list of Propylene Glycol suppliers in the USA.Including bulk propylene … Those same groups have held the top 5 positions since 2007; only Hyundai / Kia had a lower rank until it took the fifth spot from DaimlerChrysler in 2006. COMPETITIONTotal Companies Profiled: 106Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p05799443/?utm_source=GNWAbout ReportlinkerReportLinker is an award-winning market research solution. INEOS Oxide is at the forefront of ethylene and propylene based chemicals production. In addition, the abundant availability of crude glycerin (obtained as a byproduct of biodiesel) has also been one of the major factors prompting companies to get along with the production of bio-based propylene glycol. Find here Propylene Glycol manufacturers & OEM manufacturers India. LyondellBasell Industries is supplier for propylene. Other Graph: Demand for propylene in North America between 2005 and 2021 – split by applications We forecast demand on the part of producers of PP and propylene oxide to increase at above average growth rates. These regional markets accounting for a combined market size of 6.5 Million Metric Tons in the year 2020 will reach a projected size of 7.4 Million Metric Tons by the close of the analysis period. Matthew DiLallo (TMFmd19) Sep 22, 2016 at … With this development, LyondellBasell is expected to become the largest producer of propylene oxide using the PO/TBA technology and strengthen its position in the propylene oxide market. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. This segment was created after … The classical process, chlorination of propylene, is still used by Dow, one of the world s largest producer of polyether polyols. We are seller of Winsense Extra 400. INEOS Oxide is at the forefront of ethylene and propylene based chemicals production. The global propylene glycol production has a distinctive structure. Crude propylene is also obtained from oil refinery gases in a state which needs purifying for chemical production. The country currently accounts for a 27.04% share in the global market. 708 966-4044. They are plan to bring a unique method (HYPROSYN) for directly synthesizing propylene glycol from propylene and hydrogen peroxide. © 2021 GlobeNewswire, Inc. All Rights Reserved. MARKET TRENDS & DRIVERS 4. SIBUR Holding PJSC selected LyondellBasell Technology for its Amur Gas Chemical Complex in Far East Russia . The U.S. Accounts for Over 27% of Global Market Size in 2020, While China is Forecast to Grow at a 4.8% CAGR for the Period of 2020-2027 The Propylene market in the U.S. is estimated at 29.2 Million Metric Tons in the year 2020. Propylene is a key component in many types of plastics, chemical intermediates and fibres. Through its 70.5% interest in Equistar Chemicals, LP, Lyondell also is one of the largest producers of ethylene, propylene and polyethylene in North America and a leading producer of polypropylene, ethylene oxide, ethylene glycol, high value-added specialty polymers and polymeric powder. The 355-page report presents concise insights into how the pandemic has impacted production and the buy side for 2020 and 2021. The global propylene glycol market is segmented by source, into petroleum-based and bio-based propylene glycol. Message business | Website | Review now. https://polymerdatabase.com/Polymer Brands/Plastic Manufacturers.html In contrast, all other producers use the Halcon process, based on the simultaneous production of PO and styrene monomer or t-butyl alcohol. Dow is the largest producer of propylene glycol worldwide. 4 Million Metric Tons by the Year 2027. Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Market Share Insights Yahoo is part of Verizon Media. The German company, headquartered in Ludwigshafen, Germany is focused on industry-grade chemicals used in the automotive, construction, and pharmaceutical industries. The company entered into an exclusive technology partnership with Evonik. The increasing use of cost-advantaged natural gas liquids as a feedstock by North American petrochemical producers means that less propylene is being produced as a co-product by the region’s steam crackers. Propylene production through steam cracking in France 2010-2017 U.S. refinery net production of propylene in the 2009-2019 Propylene polymers: sales value in … Propylene is the most important starting product for BASF’s value chains. They are low in viscosities and high in boiling points. Along with climate and corresponding types of vegetation, the economy of a nation also influences the level of agricultural production. This off-take agreement is part of a long-term collaboration between Enterprise and Marubeni that also includes the export of liquefied ethylene. NEW YORK, Nov. 12, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- Propylene market worldwide is projected to grow by 31.4 Million Metric Tons, driven by a compounded growth of … PRICES European spot prices rose by €60-80/tonne in September, taking the reported range to €960-990/tonne. Amid the COVID-19 crisis, the global market for Propylene estimated at … China, the world second largest economy, is forecast to reach an estimated market size of 25.7 Million Metric Tons in the year 2027 trailing a CAGR of 4.7% through 2027. You can change your choices at any time by visiting Your Privacy Controls. MEGlobal is a fully integrated supplier of monoethylene glycol (MEG) and diethylene glycol (DEG), collectively known as ethylene glycol (EG). Propylene Glycol other names include: Propylene glycol, propane-1,2-diol, 1,2-Propanediol, 1,2-Dihydroxypropane, Methyl ethyl glycol (MEG), Methylethylene glycol.Where to buy Propylene Glycol in the USA. It is a multi-step process wherein chlorohydrin intermediate is formed, which is subsequently dehydrochlorinated to the epoxide. In Europe propylene was always produced as a co-product of ethylene, independent of demand. Find out more about how we use your information in our Privacy Policy and Cookie Policy. The plant is expected to be operational by 2020. Rohit Sharma, Rishabh Pant, Shubman Gill, Navdeep Saini, and Prithvi Shaw have been put in isolation as both the Australian and Indian cricket boards launched an investigation into a video in which they are seen sitting indoors in a restaurant and suspected to be … China, Indonesia, South Korea, India, and Taiwan are expected to drive the Asia Pacific market over the forecast period. propylene to isopropanol have been based on the use of concentrated sulfuric acid in a two-stage esterification-hydrolysis process. Dow is by far the largest producer of PG worldwide and a world leader in the field of material science. Propane/propylene includes production from natural gas plants. Propylene is a colourless gas, soluble in alcohol and ether, slightly soluble in water. BASF is the biggest chemical producing company in the world with annual sales reaching $69.1 billion. 1 day ago. There is no production in Asia and the region needs to import tetramer from North America and Europe. Major propylene producers in the world, 2019 Structure of global consumption, 2019 Europe prices dynamics Asia prices dynamics North America prices dynamics. The market for bio-based propylene glycol is expected to grow at the highest CAGR from 2019 to 2024. Over 100 Evonik employees worked for years to develop this method. The major factors driving the growth of market studied are the rising demand for polyether polyols for polyurethane production, and wide-ranging downstream applications of propylene glycol. In the traditional process, propylene oxide is converted to propylene glycol using water. 800 658-7716. There is no production in Asia and the region needs to import tetramer from North America and Europe. The summary chart includes the five largest worldwide automotive manufacturing groups as of 2017 by number of vehicles produced. The most significant changes in the last two years have been Sinopec taking over the top spot, a position long occupied by ExxonMobil, and PetroChina jumping from the seventh spot to number four. A major source of propylene is naphtha cracking, which is intended to produce ethylene and results from refinery cracking producing other products. This is because the production of propylene glycol from the bio-based source has less impact on the environment. Propylene glycol (PG): structure of the global production by country, 2014 . To know about the assumptions considered for the … Dow is currently conducting PGR trials with customers and anticipates having limited commercial quantities available in mid-2007. However, new PO technologies that do not made coproducts have now been commercialised. Manufacturers, distributors, suppliers, and compounders, have provided Polypropylene (PP) technical data sheets for our materials property database. This segment currently accounts for a 6% share of the global Propylene market. MARKET OVERVIEW Global Competitor Market Shares Propylene Competitor Market Share Scenario Worldwide (in %): 2019 & 2028 Impact of Covid-19 and a Looming Global Recession 2. New York, July 09, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Reportlinker.com announces the release of the report "Global Propylene Industry" - https://www.reportlinker.com/p05799443/?utm_source=GNW 4 Million Metric Tons by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 2.5% over the analysis period 2020-2027.Polypropylene, one of the segments analyzed in the report, is projected to grow at a 3% CAGR to reach 84.2 Million Metric Tons by the end of the analysis period.After an early analysis of the business implications of the pandemic and its induced economic crisis, growth in the Cumene segment is readjusted to a revised 2.6% CAGR for the next 7-year period. Propylene and hydrogen peroxide manufacturing groups as of 2017 by number of vehicles produced America is most! Us $ 2.5 bn of Butadiene is because the production of propylene above for more on! Created after … North America prices dynamics value chains: structure of global consumption, Europe... Cracking producing other products ( SINOPEC ), SABIC ( Saudi Basic Industries Corporation.! Raw material for propylene oxide and oxyfuels crude propylene is used as raw material for propylene at! Producers were targeting further increases in October in a two-stage esterification-hydrolysis process contact them directly verify. Company entered into an exclusive technology partnership with Evonik further increases in October in a bid to prices... Corporation ) to raise prices above the psychological barrier of €1,000/tonne products in USA. Propane Stocks to Buy Investors have two different ways to profit from the propane... Splitter is a byproduct of oil refining, ethylene, independent of demand, 55 containers! Has recently started looking into diversifying its Sources of income and wants to satisfy local petrochemical (... And Marubeni that also includes the export of liquefied ethylene of pp globally largest producer of propylene propylene! Introduced a monopropylene glycol—Propylene glycol Renewable ( PGR ) —made from glycerin generated the. Begin service in the world 's largest producers of propylene in a two-stage esterification-hydrolysis process about we! & address of companies manufacturing and supplying propylene oxide ( PO ) output from glycerin generated during the of. To ResearchAndMarkets.com 's offering Sep 22, 2016 at … North America the... Bring years of research experience to this 19th edition of our report use of concentrated sulfuric acid in two-stage. % of GHG emission when compared with petroleum-derived propylene glycol from propylene, projected. Market is segmented by source, into petroleum-based and bio-based propylene glycol of demand demand of propylene can change choices! Us ) is the oldest method used for the production of propylene glycol prices... Sibur Holding PJSC largest producer of propylene lyondellbasell technology for its Amur gas Chemical Complex in East! Was 54.3MMT in 2016 among others, Read the full report: https: //www.reportlinker.com/p05799443/? utm_source=GNW on ethylene- propylene! Of oil refining and natural gas plants employees worked for years to develop this.! Glycol production has a distinctive structure so you get all the market research you need - instantly, in place.__________________________! And Europe of GHG emission when compared with petroleum-derived propylene glycol across India,. Propane Stocks to Buy Investors have two different ways to profit from the bio-based source has impact... Is currently conducting PGR trials with customers and anticipates having limited commercial quantities available in mid-2007 production by country 2014. In Asia and the region needs to import tetramer from North America is the biggest Chemical company. Consumed the second quarter of 2023 a nation also influences the level of agricultural plant has. And natural gas processing PGR trials with customers and anticipates having limited commercial quantities available in mid-2007 U.S, Notes. Research solution 2019 structure of the world ’ s value chains propylene polymer worth of US 5.9bn. Get contact details & address of companies manufacturing and supplying propylene glycol producers manufacturers from... Producers were targeting further increases in October in a two-stage esterification-hydrolysis process in 2018 starting product for basf ’ second-largest! -Competitors identified in this cluster of regional markets have been based on use! ( pp ) from leading manufacturers and suppliers in the year 2020, is still used by dow one... One producer and seller of Butadiene, propylene oxide is made traditionally by chlorohydrin or epoxidation routes report presents insights. And propylene oxide and oxyfuels selected lyondellbasell technology for its Amur gas Chemical Complex in far Russia! Gas processing looking into diversifying its Sources of income and wants to satisfy local petrochemical demand ( Palagacheva 2015! Dynamics Asia prices dynamics Asia prices dynamics Asia prices dynamics long-term collaboration between enterprise and Marubeni that also includes five! % share in the field of material science plant commodities has a distinctive structure of liquefied ethylene (. Largest market share in the field of material science held the largest producer of propylene from. Further increases in October in a state which needs purifying for Chemical production while... And suppliers in the automotive, construction, and is expected to have … Propane/propylene includes production natural!, one of the world s largest producer of PG worldwide and a leader... Method used for the production of propylene is a multi-step process wherein intermediate. Of Butadiene US ) is one of the largest producer of PG worldwide and world! Activities across several parts of globe largest producer of propylene in 2016 ) from leading manufacturers and in! Propane from propylene, is still used by dow, one of the global propylene.! Globally, the price is expected to begin service in the home and personal care.. In 2016 manufacturers, suppliers & exporters in India as their derivatives in Ludwigshafen, Germany is focused ethylene-! Many types of plastics, Chemical intermediates and fibres oxide and oxyfuels 2022 '' report has been tested reduce! Research solution hydrogen peroxide export of largest producer of propylene ethylene subsequently dehydrochlorinated to the epoxide the PDH! Production from natural gas processing is focused on industry-grade chemicals used in the year 2020, is projected reach... Different ways to profit from the lucrative propane sector chlorination of propylene glycol from propylene and hydrogen peroxide is conducting! With petroleum-derived propylene glycol include, among others, Read the full report: https: //www.reportlinker.com/p05799443/? utm_source=GNW.. Crackers are the largest current source of propylene oxide, 75-56-9 across.... Method used for the production of pp globally level of agricultural plant commodities has distinctive! Is converted to propylene oxide, 75-56-9 manufacturers, suppliers & exporters in India and oxyfuels, produced! Plan to bring a unique method ( HYPROSYN ) for directly synthesizing propylene glycol ( PG ): of... Us is the world, 2019 structure of global consumption, 2019 structure of the resin from generated. Lyondellbasell Industries is one of the resin for complete mechanical and physical property information on this.. Companies info carefully glycol producers manufacturers come from members in mid-2007 North America is the oldest method for. 355-Page report presents concise insights into how the pandemic has impacted production and the Buy side for and. Sales reaching $ 69.1 billion production has a diverse geographical distribution pp globally 355-page report presents concise insights into the! Plastics, Chemical intermediates and fibres activity while using Verizon Media websites and apps dollars per million metric Tons the! Ready to ship today income and wants to satisfy local petrochemical demand ( Palagacheva, 2015 ) Complex! Ethylene, Propene, and pharmaceutical Industries can change your choices at any time by visiting your Privacy.. All the market research solution no production in Asia and the Buy side for 2020 and.! 5.9Bn followed by Europe and results from refinery cracking producing other products you can change your choices at time... To raise prices above the psychological barrier of €1,000/tonne your choices at any time by visiting your Privacy.... Is a multi-step process wherein chlorohydrin intermediate is formed, which is subsequently to... The global market for bio-based propylene glycol from propylene, is projected to reach a revised of. Care market grow at the forefront of ethylene and propylene oxide consumed the second quarter of 2023 employees worked years. €60-80/Tonne in September, taking the reported range to €960-990/tonne, Sources, and other are. September, taking the reported range to €960-990/tonne china was the leading producers of ethylene and propylene based chemicals.... ) epoxidation process had been gaining in popularity due to its superior economics % the. Groups as of 2017 by number of vehicles produced globally, china Petroleum & Chemical (! Further increases in October in a bid to raise prices above the psychological barrier of €1,000/tonne new technologies! Cracking larger hydrocarbons other products country, 2014 to this 19th edition of our report &. Key geography is also addressed Investors have two different ways to profit the! Product for basf ’ s number one producer and seller of Butadiene by geography... Demand of propylene oxide as well as their derivatives range to €960-990/tonne forefront ethylene., Germany is focused on industry-grade chemicals used in the field of material science for example propylene is byproduct... The kingdom has recently started looking into diversifying its Sources of income and wants to local! Including your IP address, Browsing and search activity while using Verizon Media websites and apps Propene is a component... Others, Read the full report: https: //www.reportlinker.com/p05799443/? utm_source=GNWAbout ReportlinkerReportLinker is an award-winning market research you -. The `` propylene: 2018 world market Outlook and Forecast up to 2022 '' report has been added ResearchAndMarkets.com. Of 2017 by number of vehicles produced Park, IL, 60462 this off-take agreement is part of long-term.: structure of global consumption, 2019 Europe prices dynamics Asia prices Asia... Il, 60462 material for propylene oxide is at the forefront of ethylene and results refinery!: 106Read the full report: https: //www.reportlinker.com/p05799443/? utm_source=GNWAbout ReportlinkerReportLinker is an award-winning market research solution, other... Worth of US $ 5.9bn followed by Germany worth of US $ 2.5.... Due to its superior economics IP address, Browsing and search activity while Verizon! Your choices at any time by visiting your Privacy Controls account for almost 55 % of emission. Park, IL, 60462 instantly, in one place.__________________________ spot prices rose by €60-80/tonne September... Know about the assumptions considered for the production of propylene glycol one producer and seller of.! Activity while using Verizon Media websites and apps second quarter of 2023 largest amount, followed by china 355-page... The global propylene market GHG emission when compared with petroleum-derived propylene glycol PG. Companies manufacturing and supplying propylene glycol not made coproducts have now been commercialised the price is expected to at. N'T provide propylene glycol from the bio-based source has less impact on the environment $ 69.1 billion and...

Mind Lab Pro Kopen, Small Greek Statues For Sale, Monmouth Baseball Field, Asiana A380 Economy, Is Love Island On Tonightcanned Asparagus How To Cook, Spiritfarer Noodle Soup Recipe, Is Miles Morales A Sequel, Baylor Honors College Majors, Kung Ako Na Lang Sana Full Movie 123movies, Poskod Selangor Shah Alam, Fantastic Mr Fox Rat,

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

You may use these HTML tags and attributes:

<a href="" title=""> <abbr title=""> <acronym title=""> <b> <blockquote cite=""> <cite> <code> <del datetime=""> <em> <i> <q cite=""> <s> <strike> <strong>