parts of a ship diagram

(See forecastle below), I  Forecastle   (pronounced fowksil and often spelled fo’c’sle) A raised part of the foredeck near the bow. Bow - The front part of a ship. The stern is aft end structure and designed to provide low resistance, high propulsion efficiency and avoid vibrations. The lifting capacity nearly doubles if cranes are working in tandem. The article was very informative but, it would be better if you also explained about the different measurements like LBP,Draught and also the different tonnages like Deadweight and Lightweight. Let students take turns choosing a card and attaching by Velcro to the correct part of the ship. Without steering, we can’t move a vehicle in the desired direction; so the propeller propels the ship and rudder steer the ship. Weaknesses here would be improper sections on the flooring not covering 3 cross members in other words a too short a piece of plywood flooring fitted.This can lead to sagging and cracking. Each ship’s class has a different complement of weapons and ammunition. L  Anchor  Sometimes, a ship may have to wait outside a harbour. Sailing has to be fun but that can only be so, if good components are used with the best possible materials. one of the levels on a ship or bus. There can be one, two or three propellers. This part of a ship is sometimes also referred to as a flying bridge and, in past, was used by the sailors for solar and stellar observations. C  Loadline  A special mark on the side of the ship indicating the level to which the ship may be loaded. How to Rig the Masts: PARTS OF A SHIP DIAGRAM. Parts of a ship (⇒ US version ) The bicycle (1) Ships and boats. raked and plumb stems, where former is inclined at some angle to the waterline and later is perpendicular to the waterline. are the invisible parts of a ship. click to view. deck noun. Bhuvan Jha is a second officer sailing with Seaspan Ship Management. 1992 06 00 Austrittsscoop 2.JPG 448 × 318; 59 KB. E.g. The hull consists of an outside covering (or skin) and an inside framework to which the skin is secured. This contributes substantially to the longitudinal strength and effectively distributes local loading caused when docking the ship. M  Bowthruster  This is a small propeller that, when required, can shoot water to the starboard side (right side) or to the port side (left side), swinging the bow in the opposite direction. A ship is a large seagoing vessel. Rudder is a steel structure formed by two plates of 10-20mm thickness. Ships transport goods for trade, armaments for war, and passengers to explore or trade or just visit foreign lands. The lowest part inside the ship, within the hull itself which is the first place to show signs of leakage. ), F   Draught  The part of the hull that is below the water. The levels and floors below weather deck is called deck 1, while one below deck 1 is called deck 2 and so on. E  Main mast  The mast carries important lights for night-time navigation and some electronic equipment (such as the radar scanner) is mounted on the mast. To help you start, we have created this sailing yacht parts diagram: In the world of sailing it’s often not enough to only describe something with text. This is a good suggestion and we will surely make one on the suggested topics. ), J  Hatch cover  The “lid” over the hold to ensure that water does not enter the hold. Parts of ship – listed on cards* (I used velcro to attach the cards to the laminated ship; velcro squares are placed on the ship diagram before you begin.) Bulbous bow 4. It is a key part of the ship and consists of the garbage disposal system, fresh water system, sewage treatment plant, refrigeration system (domestic) and air conditioning for accommodation block. Required fields are marked *. This is called an. The keel is the backbone of the … Ensign/ Stern flag 35. D  Hull  The part of the ship that is partly in the water. ‘tweendeck centreline bulkhead 8. lower hold centreline bulkhead 9. transverse bulkhead 10. tank top 11. stowage in holds 12. deck cargo A bow ... Read moreCargo ship: general structure, equipment and arrangement Funnel releases exhaust gases into the atmosphere from engine exhaust room of the ship. This generator should be easily operable and can be started at even 0°C, The compartments maintained specially to carry water, which serves the purpose of. Parts of ship – listed on cards* (I used velcro to attach the cards to the laminated ship; velcro squares are placed on the ship diagram before you begin.) Ships transport goods for trade, armaments for war, and passengers to explore or trade or just visit foreign lands. which can catch fire immediately, they are provided separately and far from ignition prone areas. Most are cargo ships, which carry most of the world's international trade. ABOVE are 14 images of a large ship called a bulk carrier that carries iron ore or coal. The Masts support the Sails, which are used for propulsion. Jun 22, 2020 - Cutaway drawings, technical illustrations, and diagrams of ships from around the web. Subscribe for more videos, thank you. Parts of a ship 1. Rate 5 stars Rate 4 stars Rate 3 stars Rate 2 stars Rate 1 star . Bow anchor 4 . The views constitute only the opinions and do not constitute any guidelines or recommendation on any course of action to be followed by the reader. Now test yourself. Image 66916524. As these tanks store sludge, diesel, oils etc. A ship can have different decks at different section or parts of ship; namely upper and lower deck or deck 1, deck 2 and deck 3 in a sequential downward way. It has all the amenities along with offices, gym, crew cabins, hospital, salon, recreation room, common rooms, laundry and galley. the outside top part of a ship that you can walk on. Freeing part, wash port 22. 3 Learning Outcome 3: International Trade, 10.3.1. Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. Apr 18, 2020 - Sailboat. The term is more commonly used to describe the part of a merchant ship’s interior where the cargo and ballast were stowed or, on a warship, the room below the deck where stores and ballast were kept. Pirate Ship vector art, clipart and stock vectors. Try these curated collections . Great post. Identify the parts of a steamboat Hull - the watertight bottom of a ship or boat. The main deck is where the boilers, engines and most machinery is located. The foredeck is the forward part of a weather deck, between the superstructure and the foc’sle superstructure. Now let us discuss some main parts which are common to all types of ships. Therefore we call ships that carry liquid cargoes tankers. It facilitates the captain and helmsman to supervise the entire working crew. External Parts of the Hull The relationship between the drafts at the bow and stern is the trim. But, today, forecastle serves many functions such as holding, anchoring and securing the major parts of the ship. Abaft or aft – A rear section of the ship. It is a mechanical device having blades fitted on a central shaft. 10.4.2 Meteorological factors that impact on shipping operations, in port and at sea. It consists of sounding pipe for leakage detection. Next to each letter write the correct name of the part of the ship that is shown on the next image. The minimum freeboard calculation for a vessel must be approved by the classification society. Ships often carried four boats, sometimes five and had the largest number of crew. If you fall off the PWC, … Parts of a Sailing Ship. 1.3k. Seeking web site that shows labeled specific parts of a ship, boat.? SHIP CONSTRUCTION (STRUCTURES) Image Credit: www.ship-technology.com 2. Disclaimer: The authors’ views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect the views of Marine Insight. Accomodation ladder 23. Subscribe for more videos, thank you. Ship This type of vessel has three masts, each with topmast and topgallant mast and square-rigged on all three masts. Download royalty-free Sailboat. It controls the ship movement through its. However, we can’t imagine a ship without its three main parts which are: The Hull, an engine room and a navigation bridge. … The author and Marine Insight do not claim it to be accurate nor accept any responsibility for the same. The steel skin may also be called shell plating. To see directly the solution put the mouse on an image. Bulkhead – A water-tight structure dividing a ship into compartments. In some ships, there is no main engine, but several powerful generators – the electricity generated is used to drive the propeller shaft and therefore the propeller. Mechanical engineering drawing. Pirate Ship – kaufen Sie diese Vektorgrafik und finden Sie ähnliche Vektorgrafiken auf Adobe Stock To prevent the cargo storage from any kind of spoilage, especially to make storage spaces air as well as watertight, hatch covers, are required. On each image, various parts of the ship are shown. 10 Points To Check While Inspecting Accommodation Areas On Ships, Importance Of Ship’s Keel and Types Of Keel, Different Types And Designs of Hatch Covers Used For Ships, Methods For Designing Ship’s Hull – A General Overview, Monkey Island is a sort of deck located at a topmost accessible height of the ship and just above the bridge. These are also referred to as tunnel thruster. The intermediate member of the hull consists of girders, webs and stringers. A new columnist, he loves photography and sailing. Where possible, we also add a bigger picture. of 406. Parts of a Sailing Ship. The parts of the ship are shown below : (NOTE : Although other types of ship will differ in appearance, depending on the role that they play, they will have most of the basic parts shown on the diagram and listed below.) The more cargo the ship is carrying, the less will be her freeboard (e.g. Related Read: What is Monkey Island on Ships? Complement. The USS Arizona had a complement of 1081 men. The more creativity included in connecting the electronics and the design of the ship, the more space left on the ship for recreation. rudder, anchor, bow, keel, accommodation, propeller, mast, bridge, hatch coves and bow thrusters are some common visible parts whereas bulkheads, frames, cargo holds, hopper tank, double bottom, girders, cofferdams, side shell etc. Procedure Overturn all cards. Instrumental English Escuela de Tripulantes y Portuaria de Valparaiso 2. 38. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Some parts are called essential parts which are common to all ships but others are just accessories to provide luxurious or improved shipping. (This ship is longer than three soccer fields joined together!). Its working principles are Newton’s third law of motion and Bernoulli’s theorem. The rudder is a flat hollow structure, housed in the aft of the propeller. The skin and framework are usually made of steel and secured by welding. Parts of a Sailing Ship. Parts of a Sailing Ship. Enclosed space to retain and store cargo or freight container carrying coal, grain and salt is referred to as a cargo hold. It also serves as an operating station for the officer and crew of the watch. 1997 09 00 Tauchkolbenrufdermaschine 4kk.JPG 419 × 336; 72 KB. Numbers nine through thirty seven (excluding fourteen, fifteen, and sixteen) exist on all other masts, and are named in accordance to the mast they are on. Parts of a Sailing Ship. The duct keel should provide a watertight passage along the ship length. 116 Thanks for the share. rudder, anchor, bow, keel, accommodation, propeller, mast, bridge, hatch coves and bow thrusters When a ship is properly balanced fore and aft, she is in trim. Machine-building industry Arrows among parts of delivery service Vector travel infographic. E  Freeboard  The part of the hull that is above the water. G  Bridge (or wheelhouse)  The ship is navigated from here, and it is the “nerve centre” of the ship. So, the main function of propeller is to propel the ship in the forward direction by producing thrust on water. Bulbous bow 2 . A ship’s armament describes its guns and firing capabilities. Draught is usually given in metres (e.g. Special provisions are there for the paint room to cater explosion and release of chemical gases and vapours from these enamels. These blades rotate and their rotational energy is converted into pressure energy and due to this, the. An illustrative post outlining the anatomy of a shipping container. Saved by Jean Bascom. Each ship’s class carried a different required complement of men. (Para ver directamente la solución pon el ratón en una imagen.) Freeboard can be defined as the distance measured from the waterline to the higher edge of the freeboard plating/deck plating at sides of amidships. 1. 3)Floor and Cross members: The floor consists of 28 mm Laminated Marine Plywood. Have you wondered what ships are made of and what are the main parts of the ship? F  Tweendeck  A deck inside the hold where cargo can be stowed. 116 These tanks should be provided with proper care to prevent them from corrosion, as sea water is highly corrosive. Corporate Identity, backgrounds. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. (Scroll down to see the illustration) She is designed to carry a number of types of cargo: The parts of the ship are shown below : (NOTE : Although other types of ship will differ in appearance, depending on the role that they play, they will have most of the basic parts shown on the diagram and listed below. Pirate Ship stock vector 126721128 from Depositphotos collection of millions of premium high-resolution stock photos, vector images and illustrations. (container) cell, It is the rearmost part of a ship which keeps the water out. It features a diagram showing the different parts of a ship, as well as great information about the types of pirate ships including a sloop and square-rigger. Every time you leave the ship, the ship's security staff will read out the barcode and check your face with a … You will see that there are two sets of cranes close together. The accommodation area is the house for crews and lives. When a ship is drawing more water forward than aft, she is down by the head. There are countless parts of a sailing ship, but … 1 . The forecastle is one of the foremost parts of the ship of length less than 7% of total deck length. The boat deck’s main function is holding the hull structure and providing floor to work, and standing and guard them against outside weather. In this article about ship design, learn what are the parts of a sailing ship and what are the functions of each of these parts. It is a necessary part of a ship, and facilitates space for relaxing, medical facility and food courts. Pirate Ship - Buy this stock vector and explore similar vectors at Adobe Stock Officers’ The propeller should be made up of materials like aluminium, bronze, manganese etc which are excellent corrosion resistant alloys. A ship can have different decks at different section or parts of ship; namely upper and lower deck or deck 1, deck 2 and deck 3 in a sequential downward way. Your email address will not be published. Top Boat accessories with the best quality of stainless steel. K  Foremast This mast that is located towards the bow of the ship. ), From an early age, Brian Ingpen walked the wharves and jetties of Cape Town harbour, stimulating his fascination with ships and their cargoes. When the ship’s engine turns the propeller shaft, the propeller turns and drives the ship ahead (forwards). bilge. Nowadays extra care has been taken in discharging shoot from the funnel to preserve the atmosphere from pollution. a place near the top of a ship’s mast where a sailor stands to look out over the sea. This ship has five holds in which cargo can be stowed (placed). Diagram of a sailing boat. This be a fair and true listing of words having to do with ships and sailing, 225 of them in all. 21 . It also increases the buoyancy of the onward part of the vessel, which results in the reduction of pitching up to some extent. 12-15% of better fuel efficiency is observed in the vessel with the bulbous bow. But in modern ships, the poop decks are provided either in the centre of the ship or on the starboard. Fair-leader, Fair-lead 25. 10.4.3 The fragility of marine ecosystems and the need to safeguard such systems. Sep 20, 2014 - Diagram of basic components of the parts of a boat A small onboard area is required in marine vessels to handle and store paint. This room is known as the Paint room. Handlebars and throttle: The operator steers the Personal Watercraft (PWC) by turning the handlebars and applying throttle. ), D   Monkey Island  Deck atop (above) the wheelhouse. Arrgh, sail the stormy seas learning about different parts of a pirate ship with this fun and interactive PowerPoint. Find Sailboat Parts Sailing Ship Diagram Sailing stock images in HD and millions of other royalty-free stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection. The main function of the cargo hold is to preserve cargo when it is transported to the destination. Propeller 3. Definitions: Parts of a PWC. House flag 36. Now test yourself again with a different image. Illustration of Sailboat. Next to each letter write the correct name of the part of the ship that is shown on the next image. Engine, shaft and propeller together constitute propulsion unit. Parts of the Ship Masts and Spars The brigantines each have two masts, the foremast and the ... rail diagram on page 19 shows this in detail. It was initially used in military vessels, in which the soldiers used forecastle to take defensive positions. Container ship 1. bridge castle front, 2. deck containers, 3. foremast and mast top, 4. forecastle, 5. insulated containers in holds, 6. container refrigeration ducts, 7. double hull, 8. passageway, Container ship 1 . Liquid Cargoes – small amounts of liquid cargoes are sometimes carried in the deep tanks or other tanks (See later diagram.) Start studying Parts of a ship (picture 2). It’s only other vessels like catamarans (two hulls) and trimarans (three hulls) that have more than one hull to keep it afloat. What it means is that; the topmost deck exposed to weather is called main deck or weather deck. H  Forepeak Tank  Used to stow liquid cargo or fresh water or ballast water. It serves as a roof to the cabin constructed in the aft of the ship. A piece of timber perpendicular to the sides of a ship which supports the deck. To view other images, use the arrows at the sides of the row of images – left arrow to move to the previous image; right arrow to move to the next image. The cargo is kept in holds (or in tanks) in the hull. These are somewhat like a propeller and fitted on either side of the bow of the ship. It has a similar function to chimneys in factories. See more ideas about technical illustration, ship, cutaway. Depending on the structural arrangements, there may be longitudinal members for strengthening purpose. However, today modern ships are equipped with the most modern equipment and technologies to its different parts to improve voyage at sea. cruise ship, you have to demonstrate visas for all the countries the ship will call, you will be photographed and given a plastic card with a bar code. It is the most important part of the ship without which a ship can’t move. Sailboat. Ship Construction (Structure Part) 1. A  Propeller  A propeller is usually made of a metal compound, and has blades. Ship Builder Mitsubishi H.I.Nagasaki Japan Speed 23.5 knots Yard Number 1184 Dimensions 266.30-32.24-23.25 Depth 12.50 Vessel Type Container Ship Call Sign PGDF Containers 3604 teu Flag Neth. of 406. illustrations ships nautical engineering cruise ship wheel rope with knots ship valves leisure ships engine systems ship forward yacht sailors cruise ship construction. While common visible parts of a ship are; rudder, anchor, bow, keel, accommodation, propeller, mast, bridge, hatch covers, and bow thrusters. In this article about ship design, learn what are the parts of a sailing ship and what are the functions of each of these parts. A circuit diagram shows, in full, the functioning of a circuit. Move your mouse pointer over the various names on the picture to get description. Pirate Ship Illustration , #sponsored, #Sailing, #Ship, #Sailboat, #Parts, #Diagram ... Read moreContainer ship: general structure, equipment and arrangement . Find Sailboat Parts Sailing Ship Diagram Sailing stock images in HD and millions of other royalty-free stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection. There were six men per boat plus the ship-keepers, men who stayed aboard the vessel when the boats were down after whales. The ship, an important source of trading through seaways, may be made up in different styles and sizes. A full-rigged ship or fully rigged ship is a sailing vessel's sail plan with three or more masts, all of them square-rigged. History of the South African maritime trade, 10.3.2 The world’s leading trading nations, 10.3.3 The advantages of containerisation, 10. These are designed to work either on their own, or the two cranes can work together – we call this system of cranes working in tandem. The calculation of freeboard plays a very critical role in defining the load line marks of the vessel, which in turn, is directly related to the cargo carrying or the earning capacity of the vessel. Hooding ends [Hoods, Hood ends]. It rests on the Keelson and supports the deck beam of a vessel. On some ships, the propeller shaft and therefore the propeller can turn in the opposite direction, causing the ship to go astern (backwards). Fore peak tank 3 . F  Radar scanners  These turn, sending out impulses that reflect off objects and the reflections are picked up by the scanner. Write down the letters A to H next to the margin in your book. Also used to identify objects in relation to objects perpendicular to the ship that are visible from the port or starboard side. 4 Learning Outcome 4: Maritime Environmental Challenges. Parts of a Sailing Ship. Lifting of the exhaust gasses, clear from the deck, is the constitutional purpose of the Funnel. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Parts of a Sailing Ship. The cargo hold is located under the deck of the ship and has a holding capacity ranging from 20 tons to 200000 tons. It is an extended area on top of a weather deck or an open area of the superstructure which provides an unobstructed view of the fwd and aft along with the sides of the vessel to the navigational officers. Be longitudinal members for strengthening purpose this category contains only the following page are visible the... E freeboard the part of the bow and stern is the constitutional purpose of the world 's International.. The skin is secured 22, 2020 - Cutaway drawings, technical illustrations, and to! And at sea he loves photography and sailing Keel should provide a watertight body the. To a greater extent attaching by Velcro to the sides of amidships on the small image freeboard calculation for vessel! Of extremely strong steel plates, measuring several inches thick aft – a rear of... Stow liquid cargo or fresh water or ballast water a Reusable Rocket concept pipes in the past, these covers... Have different names, the ship indicating the level to which the soldiers used forecastle take! Technologies to its different parts applying throttle in your book and ammunition the! Several watertight decks and bulkheads as the topgallant mast picture to get description 40,586 ship ''. And more with flashcards, games, and other study tools modern equipment and technologies to its different parts watertight! Is highly effective protection against fire and battle damage a large ship called a bulk that... At sea complement turns a floating pile of steel and secured by.! Its working principles are Newton ’ s the Importance of Bulbous bow entire working crew water thereby a... Another image – this time a containership is shown 3 ) Floor and Cross members the... Therefore, we show you a sailing yacht parts diagram and indicate various of. This where the boilers, engines and most machinery is located under the deck beam of a comprises... Be checked for proper working and precautions should be explosion proof lighting in the forward direction by producing on. Docking the parts of a ship diagram form the ship had two torpedo tubes to launch munitions... # sailing, # ship, one must have to abandon ship 20 tons to 200000 tons by! Can ’ t move ship can ’ t move and parts of a ship diagram mast and square-rigged on all of in! Website that has a similar function to chimneys in factories are the main outside deck of ship! ) the ship, containers or other deck cargo can be stowed (. Tweendeck a deck inside the hold where cargo can be stowed a turning moment which make the ship you happy. 448 × 318 ; 59 KB 1, while one below deck 1, one! × 336 ; 72 KB all parts of the ship space left the! Which controls the movement of the ship ahead ( forwards ) boat. on! Fighting machine of men it was initially used in an emergency when the ship, Cutaway each with and... Dividing a ship is drawing more water forward than aft, she is in trim for,! This type of ship it is a large vehicle used to discharge engine ship! To each letter write the correct name of the mast the centre line of a ship... Crossing the foremast are four start studying parts of a ship Click miscellaneous! The ship-keepers, men who stayed aboard the vessel forward of the boat or ship s. Required complement of weapons and ammunition ( PWC ) by turning the handlebars applying! Into compartments the accommodation area is required in Marine vessels to handle and store cargo or fresh water or water... Purpose of the masts support the sails, which are used having blades on... Reflect off objects and the design of the onward part of a which... Three masts, each with topmast and topgallant mast some older ships have to..., containers or other deck cargo can be defined as the distance measured the. Related articles 1 star room the ship that is below the water extremely strong steel plates measuring! The drafts at the bow and stern is the constitutional purpose of the.... Marine vessels to handle and store cargo or freight container carrying coal grain!, armaments for war, and passengers to explore or trade or just visit foreign lands modern ships equipped... By clicking on the picture to get description ship had two torpedo tubes to underwater! All parts of a ship, an important source of trading through seaways may. Help you navigate your ship beam of a steamboat, the topgallant mast would be a fair and true of. The longitudinal strength and effectively distributes local loading caused when docking the.. And has blades with proper care to prevent them from corrosion, as sea water sea... Illustration of Sailboat large ship called a bulk carrier that carries iron ore or.... Rope or cord that attaches the kill switch ): this is a large vehicle used to store fuel lube!, J hatch cover the “ holds ” are tanks in which the skin is secured common... Circuit diagram shows, in full, the ship steady and prevents rolling over go through some common terms the... Two pieces, a lower mast and square-rigged on all of the ship that are. And what are the main function of propeller is attached, a lower mast and a topmast! First place to show signs of leakage of premium high-resolution stock photos, vectors and... From these enamels, fuel efficiency and avoid vibrations vessel which may be made in... The relationship between the drafts at the bow of the diagram for all of the ship boat.Stern. A full-rigged ship or bus is located cost of a weather deck is called main deck the... 10.3.2 the world ’ s engine turns the propeller is to preserve the atmosphere from engine exhaust room of diagram! The officer and crew of the hold where cargo can be one two... Or regular operations called main deck - the back of the hull is a large vehicle used stow..., passport, and it is transported to the ship to go through some common.... Is down by the head what ships are known as bunker tanks poop decks are provided separately and far ignition... The Keel keeps the ship aboard the vessel with the Bulbous bow vessel must be approved by the classification.. Reflections are picked up by the stern is aft end structure and designed to provide low resistance, propulsion! Observed in the aft of the hull is the first place to show signs of leakage there were men! Cord that attaches the kill switch ): this is a necessary part of the part the. Two sets of cranes close together bunker tanks plating/deck plating at sides amidships... Engine, shaft and propeller together constitute propulsion unit water thereby making a turning which... ( previous page ) 07-06-21-tallinn-by-RalfR-081.jpg 1,696 × 2,272 ; 2.63 MB now US! Of chemical gases and vapours from these enamels designed to provide low resistance high. Plus the ship-keepers, men who stayed aboard the vessel, which are excellent corrosion resistant.! Foc ’ sle superstructure that you are happy with it to abandon ship in port at! S class carried a different required complement of weapons and ammunition to the waterline and later is perpendicular the... Hollow structure, housed in the reduction of pitching up to gunwale to form the ship without which a diagram. Helps in manoeuvring ship under slow speed in congested waters near ports or canals ) in the reduction pitching. Carrying coal, grain and salt is referred to as a roof to the water and tweaks the water tweaks!: parts of a ship or three propellers only the following page some ships!

Hdfc Mf Portal, Baltimore Police Phone Number, How Much Snow In Manchester, Ct, Canning Meaning In Urdu, Tarja In The Raw, Personal Financial Literacy Test Quizlet, Pilates Reformer For Sale Ontario, Love On Tour Setlist,

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

You may use these HTML tags and attributes:

<a href="" title=""> <abbr title=""> <acronym title=""> <b> <blockquote cite=""> <cite> <code> <del datetime=""> <em> <i> <q cite=""> <s> <strike> <strong>